‘Anthem for doomed youth’ by Wilfred Owen Essays

‘Anthem for doomed youth’ by Wilfred Owen Essays ‘Anthem for doomed youth’ by Wilfred Owen Paper ‘Anthem for doomed youth’ by Wilfred Owen Paper Essay Topic: Anthem Poetry The poem ‘Anthem for doomed youth’ by Wilfred Owen is based on the massacre during World War 1. It is a Petrarchan sonnet that deals with the horror faced by adolescent soldiers and questions the real motif behind the wars. By questioning the funeral procedures of dead soldiers and contrasting it with the funerals of normal people, Owen expresses his disapproval and anger towards the war. It very effectively brings out the horrific scenes of the wars by using metaphors, alliteration, personification and rhetorical questions, all which bring out the futility of young soldiers dying and the insignificant funeral services carried for them. The title itself is very ambiguous. Usually, an anthem is a commemoration for someone who has passed away, but the juxtaposition with ‘doomed’ shows the ill fate that the ‘youth’ is accustomed to. A negative vibe is created from the very beginning. The use of assonance in ‘doomed youth’ with repeated vowels gives the poem a despairing and disdainful tone. The poem basically focuses on the pointlessness of war due to the immense fatality it causes. The tone is somber and morose. The poet makes use of a variety of techniques such as internal lines. e. g. – the repetition of ‘sh’ in ‘Shall shine’ and of g in ‘glimmers of goodbyes’. Owen very effectively uses sounds to mirror his emotions. The poet uses very descriptive language and enhances it with rhetorical questions and juxtaposition. The rhyme is abab cdcd efgg. Poet uses present tense to show it is a recent and immediate topic. The first stanza is slow paced with the use of a lot of punctuations. The octet focuses on the happenings of the battlefield and the circumstances under which the young soldiers die. It also particularly deals with the sound on the battlefield. The first line of the stanza itself is a rhetorical question, where Owen questions the death of soldiers. The death of the soldiers is metaphorically compared to that of ‘cattle’, which shows that how the cattle is slaughtered in the same way huge numbers of soldiers are made to fight in battles and sacrifice their lives. They are commemorated by the sound of ‘the monstrous anger of the guns’. An inanimate object like a gun is shown to ‘feel anger’ at scenes of the war, and hence shows that if an inanimate object can see the uselessness of war, mankind too, should. With the use of pathetic fallacy, the reader very effectively conveys this message. The use of ‘only’ creates the effect that the sounds are not enough to compensate for the deaths. Further this image is extended by the use of ‘no prayers nor bells’ that emphasizes on what the soldiers do not have. The only prayer said is one of ‘hasty orisons’, which shows religion failing to put an end to this. Owen introduces the idea of how religion in the form of ‘bells’ and ‘prayers’ is like a ‘mockery’ because the deaths are so many and so uncalled for that religion also cant do much to compensate for it. The last line of the octave introduces a new idea about the background that the soldiers come from and shows how deep the sorrow is of the loss. The first stanza has a lot of auditory images that help to visualize the terror and trauma in the battlefield. Words like ‘stuttering rifles rapid rattle’, and ‘monstrous anger of the guns’ helps the reader to visualize the unpleasant and cacophony during the war. The alliteration in ‘ stuttering rifles rapid rattle’ shows the constant firing of bullets and the repetition of ‘r’ shows the frequency of deaths. Also by contrasting such violent sounds with that of ‘choirs’ and ‘prayers’, the poet highlights how the funeral ceremonies for such martyrs is so different to that of a normal dead person. Further the idea of the funeral procedures of dead soldiers being contrasting to that of a traditional one is present throughout the poem. The title itself holds evidence for this. In a traditional ceremony an ‘anthem’ is played in remembrance for the dead soldiers, whereas for soldiers it is ‘all doomed’ and there is a dark future ahead. In a traditional ceremony, church ‘bells’ announce the death, however, in the case of soldiers it is ‘gunfire’. In the octet, the weapons of destruction such as ‘guns’, ‘rifles’, ‘shells’ and contrasts it with religious imagery such as ‘orisons’, ‘bells’ and ‘prayers’. On one hand where there are prayers for the deceased, on the other hand, there is just ‘rifle fire’ where more and more youngsters lose their lives. This brings out the aspect of how menial the lives of the soldiers are. In religious funerals, there are choirs singing sweet songs, while soldiers on the battlefield have to settle for ‘demented choirs of wailing shells (explosives)’. Moreover, the soldiers don’t even have a ‘pall’ to cover their dead body with; they have just the ‘pallor’ that is the pale face of their loved ones. Flowers usually given at funerals as a token of love and sorrow are not present at the deathbed of soldiers, they just sorrowful thoughts of their family for that. Antithesis is used to create a stark contrast between what the soldier’s lives could have turned out if they hadn’t died in war conditions. The sestet focuses on the aftermath of the death of the soldiers and the quiet mourning of the loved ones. The poet once again begins the stanza with a rhetorical question – ‘what candles may be held to speed them all’. ‘Candles’ are usually placed in church as a mark of remembrance for the dead. Here it could imply that there is still hope for change. Instead of having candles to guide them in their afterlife, all the soldiers would have is ‘holy glimmers’, exchange of looks in the soldier’s eyes. One more thing the soldiers’ death ceremony will lack is that of a ‘pall’ to cover their bodies. The ‘pall’ is metaphorically compared to the paleness on the girl’s faces that will be evident in their sulking ‘brows’. The last line of the sestet is very powerful. As dusk marks the end of light, ‘each slow dusk’ will mark the death of the martyrs and the end of their struggle. he night marks respect to the soldiers, whereas ‘drawing down of blinds’ usually takes place in the room with the coffin as a symbol of respect. The long vowel sounds in the last line shows how the memory of the soldiers will remain etched in the memory of the poet for the courageous tasks they have undertaken. Thus it throws light upon how first the soldiers sacrifice their lives for the country, and even after that they don’t get a proper funeral as a token for respect in fact they get to witness more and more of their colleagues dying instead.. Thus the poet targets the uselessness of war in being unfruitful and creates vivid images with the use of auditory and visual images. It very successfully depicts how the youth, the generation of the future has a very dark life ahead if war continues to brutally end their lives. The poem leaves the reader with a sense of shock by exposing the horrific battlefield images and fills us with sympathy for the many who lost their lives.

Golden Toad - Facts and Figures

Golden Toad - Facts and Figures Name: Golden Toad; also known as Bufo periglenes Habitat: Tropical forests of Costa Rica Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-20 years ago) Size and Weight: About 2-3 inches long and one ounce Diet: Insects Distinguishing Characteristics: Bright orange males; larger, less colorful females About the Golden Toad Last seen in 1989and presumed to be extinct, unless some individuals are miraculously discovered elsewhere in Costa Ricathe Golden Toad has become the poster genus for the mysterious worldwide decline in amphibian populations. The Golden Toad was discovered in 1964, by a naturalist visiting a high-altitude Costa Rican cloud forest; the bright orange, almost unnatural color of the males made an immediate impression, although the slightly larger females were much less ornate. For the next 25 years, the Golden Toad could only be observed during the spring mating season, when large groups of males would swarm over less numerous females in small ponds and puddles. (See a slideshow of 10 Recently Extinct Amphibians.) The extinction of the Golden Toad was sudden and mysterious. As recently as 1987, over a thousand adults were observed mating, then only a single individual in 1988 and 1989 and none thereafter. There are two possible explanations for the demise of the Golden Toad: first, since this amphibian relied on very specialized breeding conditions, the population could have been knocked for a loop by sudden changes in climate (even two years of unusual weather would have been enough to wipe out such an isolated species). And second, its possible that the Golden Toad succumbed to the same fungal infection that has been implicated in other amphibian extinctions around the world.

Contract Law Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract Law Problems - Essay Example ..any laws or regulations directed toward enforcing certain promises. In Australia contract law is primarily regulated by the 'common law', but increasingly statutes are supplementing the common law of contract - particularly in relation to consumer protection. â€Å" (Clarke, 2011). This law was formerly known in legal circles as the Trade Practices Act of 1974 but was officially renamed The Competition and Consumer Act 2010 on January 1, 2011 due to certain amendments that were made that â€Å"included a repeal of Part IVA (unconscionable conduct), Part V (Consumer Protection, including s 52), Part VA (Manufacturer's Liability) and Part VC (offences). The substance of the provisions that were contained in those parts is now contained in Schedule 2 of the Act which will be known as the 'Australian Consumer Law' and which, by virtue of enabling state and territory legislation, contains Australia's first nationally consistent consumer law. â€Å" (Clarke, 2011). One must keep in mi nd that a written contract is legally binding at the time of signing and cannot be altered nor revoked due to certain conditions that became present after the contract has been signed. By signing a contract, it becomes a legally binding promise on the side of both contracting parties to complete an agreed upon obligation. Australian law requires that a certain set of circumstances must be present at the time of the agreement for the written document to become a valid contract. These factors include â€Å" a compromising offer and acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations, compliance with any legal formalities and that the parties have the legal capacity to contract. â€Å" (Clarke 2010). The contract that Watertankz entered into with Harry specifically detailed what he had to do as a client in order to make the document that contained their price quote into a legally binding contract. To be specific, their letter of communication clearly indicated that all Har ry had to do was â€Å"please sign the enclosed terms and conditions of sale document and mail it back to us together with a 10% deposit. The quote is valid until June 30 â€Å". I would then ask Harry to take note of the validity date of the quote that was sent to him, June 30. Under the agreement that was proposed and approved by the company signatories, his rights as their client and their obligation to fulfil the agreement is clearly spelled out. As long as Harry signs the document and gets the document and the check deposit in the mail before June 30, the contract is now legally binding. As such, there are now legal sanctions in place should either party decide to renege on their deal prior to the deadline (Government of South Australia, Contract Law, 2009). Just like any other company in the public service, the price of Watertankz supplies and other pertinent materials may see an increase in cost at any given moment. Which is exactly what happened in the case of Harry. The c ost of materials for Watertankz rose sharply on the first day of June, which would definitely cut into their profit margin or post a loss for their company earnings. So, it us understandable that they adjust their prices accordingly. However, the law of contracts clearly indicates that they cannot reject and formal contract bids that they closed within a specific time frame, regardless of the increase in costs for their own company. The law in effect, protects the

Banking; analysing through economics the Spanish banking system Essay

Banking; analysing through economics the Spanish banking system - Essay Example Globalization has brought about the integration of the world markets. In this sense the global market has tended to move towards a perfect and pure market structure as defined in the economic theory; however the exact form of global markets have remained far from the theoretical ideals of perfect and pure. Regardless of the product or service that is being studied; it is noticeable that all of a sudden the information flow has become more rapid, regulatory structures have been oriented more towards free market structures and the movement of capital and permission to access local markets has become freer. This has encouraged national businesses to aim to be global businesses and the global businesses to target national markets. However, the roughness in the control of market shares in the past has tended more towards monopolies but, structures have not stayed the same, these have become, in general, oligopolies. This aspect of globalisation has thus changed the very nature of competit ion and the markets will move forward into a new direction of perfect markets if globalisations are sustained and its true objective is achieved. The Banking industry is no exception. Competition in the banking sector depends largely upon the efficiency with which financial services are produced, the quality of financial service produced and the relative degree of innovation in the sector. (Claaessens and Laeven). This however depends upon how the banking sector competes with each other and what is the nature of the financial markets. This is important because the nature of the markets in the financial sector Banks enable consumers to do essential functions such as saving, investing and storing money or money equivalents.

White soul system designs Essay Example for Free

White soul system designs Essay 1 Analysis 1. 1 Introduction White Soul System Designs is a small computer store that designs and makes many of its own systems and products. It is situated on Queen Street in the centre of Neath. Many people swear by White Soul products and go to the store for any product they wish to purchase or repairs their computers need. Manu people in Neath use this store because the prices of products are guarantied to be the lowest you can find, and the repair system, no fix no fee is very popular. At present only two full time staff members work there. The owner Mr. Adam Williams and his only member of staff Mr.John Edwards. The store is open form 9am 5pm every weekday. On Saturdays it is open from 10am 6pm and on Sundays it is closed all day. Only having two members of staff working eight hours a day, six days a week is very difficult. With increasing numbers of customers Mr. Edwards and Mr. Williams are under pressure to get every ones orders and files in order. Not having a computer system means Mr. Edwards and Mr. Williams have to file all the store customers and stock records manually. This manual system means mistakes are made and customer satisfaction is lowered. This undoubtedly means a loss in profits. This made Mr. Williams think that like their computer systems, they should be up to date. He is currently looking for a new system and approached me to ask my opinions. Not knowing the best solution for the store off the top of my head I decided to observer the current system and speak to the Mr. Williams and a regular customer and get their opinions of how they would like the store to change. 1. 2 Problem Definition The problem with White Souls current system is that it is a manual system with two members of staff. Every thing is done manually and because of this mistakes are made. All customer records and stock orders are stored in filing cabinets in alphabetical order. Lately due to the manual system many customer records have been misfiled. This is a huge problem because if for example Mrs. Abraham went into the store to purchase a new item, one of the members of staff would look under A for Abraham in the filing cabinet. If the customer record had been put into another file by mistake a new customer record would have to be created. This then means the customer proving where they live when a letter and proving they identity with a passport or birth certificate. As you can imagine customers would not be very impressed with this and profits may suffer. Stock records can also be misplaced. This may lead to the staff members thinking they had ordered new stock but to have it never arrive. This is a problem when a customer has specifically requested that item of stock and has to find out that it will not be delivered till the next stock delivery. This again causes customer dissatisfaction and in the long run a loss of prophets. Sometimes, because stock numbers have been mixed up because of bad filing the store gets stock that it didnt mean or want to order. This is a cut straight out of their prophets, as they have to pay for it because they ordered it, even if they didnt mean to. 1. 3 Objectives After a few brief chats with Mr. Williams, he explained to me that the whole objective of this new system was to keep up with the times. He then went onto explain how the current system worked. Adding a Customer If a customer wants to become a member of the store and get special offers and discounts on certain products an application form must be filled in. To become a member more then one form of identification is required and to confirm their address a letter or a bank statement is needed. After the customer identity and address is confirmed an application form will be filled out and filed. Data requirements   Name Surname and forename of the customerAddress Address the customer is occupying   Postcode Area code of the address Date of birth Date the customer was born Phone number Number on which we can contact the customer   Credit Card Number ID issued by the bank uniquely given to the customer Documents used Customer application form (see appendix A1) Problems Some customers have poor handwriting or just handwriting that the staff members struggle to read. This may lead to miss filing or even a mistake made with the customer details. Also a lot of the time customers are not carrying any item that may prove their identity or are not carrying a letter to prove their address. No members may be added to the files with out first proving their identity and address so they have to return home to get these items before they can become members of the store. Searching for and viewing a customer For a special in store discount customers are offered a chance to become a member of the store. Their records are stored in alphabetical order in a filing cabinet. If a customer wants to use this discount their file must be found. One of the members of staff will look in the filing cabinet for the customers file. All customers records are stored in alphabetical order in our files. To look for that customer we get their last name and search the file that corresponds with the first letter of their second name E. g. Charles Powel We would look in the P file Michael Roberts We would look in the R file Bethan Langdon We would look in the L file When the second name has been found we resort to using their first names, we do this because in some cases there will be more than one Powel, Roberts or Langdon. If there are two identical names in the files we have to look at each and match the address, this is the last resort. Data requirements   Customer name The customers surname and forename   Customer address The customers home address Problems A manual filing system is used. All customer records are kept in a filing cabinet that both members of staff have access to. They are stored in alphabetical order using the customers surname. If a customer record was filed under a wrong name it would appear lost or it may seem to the staff that that customer has never completed an application form. This means a new form would have to be filled in and the customers identity would have to be proven again. This lowers customer satisfaction and creates problems for the two members of staff. Amending a customers details If a customer is to move house or to change their telephone number their membership must be updated. Once their file has been searched for and found the new customer information can be added. Data requirements   Name Surname and forename of the customer   Address Address the customer is occupying Postcode Area code of the address Date of birth Date the customer was born. Phone number Number on which we can contact the customer Credit Card Number ID issued by the bank uniquely given to the customer Documents used Customer application form (see appendix A1) Problems Tippex is used to erase the current details before the new details are added. This makes the form look messy and it may become hard to read. And when written over the tippex or writing may smudge and make the form look a complete mess. Again a lot of the time customers are not carrying any item that may prove their identity or are not carrying a letter to prove their address. No members may be added to the files with out first proving their identity and address so they have to return home to get these items before they can become members of the store. Deleting a customer If a customer wishes to no longer be a member with our store their file may be deleted. Again identity is required for this transaction to take place. After the customer is searched for and found it may be discarded. Data requirements   Customer name The customers surname and forename   Customer address The customers home address Problems Once a customer has been deleted from our files we have no contact with them. This means any warrantees are void and the customer cannot claim money back or an exchange of item once they have been deleted from our files. And once again if a customer wants his or her file to be discarded they have to prove their identity. Many customers may not carry identity around with them but this is required. Identity is required to ensure that no files are wrongly discarded. Adding a Stock it em When a new stock item is purchased and arrives at the store, immediately a record of the stock is made. Data requirements   Number Unique stock number given to that item only   Title Name or title of the stock item. Description Description of what the stock item is   Price Price of the stock   Status Status of the stock: Available Unavailable Discontinued Documents used Stock data form (see appendix A1) Problems When a stock data form is filled in it can some times become a mess due to ad handwriting or coffee stains after a long days work. This may make it hard to read. Searching for a stock name If a customer wants to purchase a certain item of stock the stock record must be found from the stock file to see if that stock item is available and to make sure that it is the correct item the customer wished to purchase. Stock number the unique number given to this item Problems Stock items are filed using their stock number, not their name. This is a problem because there is no name order so each record must be checked, and refilled if it is the wrong item. Searching for a stock ID If the customer has gone through the trouble of finding the stock ID or the members of staff know the stock ID from the name a stock ID search can be made. This is much less trouble as the stock items are filed by their stock numbers and each stock number is unique so there can be no matches. Data Requirements * Stock Number A unique stock number given by a member of staff. Problems Not every one knows the stock number so a name search may have to be made. Also if a stock record is out of place then it may be difficult to find it. Amending stock status It is important that each day the stock is checked. Once the stock has been checked the stock records must be modified to show weather the stock is Available, Unavailable or Discontinued. Data requirements   Stock Name The name of the stock item   Stock Number The unique stock number given to this item Problems Tippex is used to erase the current details before the new details are added. This makes the form look messy and it may become hard to read. And when written over the tippex or writing may smudge and make the form look a complete mess. Amending stock details Once an item of stock has been entered into a file it is sometimes necessary to edit the properties of the stock, for example if a sale occurred the stock price would be altered or if a mistake was made when first entering the stock it may be amended. Data requirements   Number Unique stock number given to that item only   Title Name or title of the stock item   Description Description of what the stock item is   Price Price of the stock   Status Status of the stock: Available Unavailable Discontinued.

A Separate Peace :: Free Essay Writer

Through out the book A Separate Peace, Gene, his growth and harmony seem to change. His opinions, and outlook on life also seem to change as his relationship with Phineas does likewise. Gene’s self-perception changes from insecurity to imitation to independence as his relationship with Phineas changes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the book begins, Gene is unsettled by Phineas and somewhat mystified by him. Like a legend from a western tale. As the book moves on and Finny starts to change Gene’s life, Gene appears to become very insecure and afraid of what will happen next. On page 11 it says â€Å" ’We’d better hurry or we’ll be late for dinner,’ I said, breaking into what Finny called my ‘West Point stride’.† Which signifies the insecurity phase of Gene’s life. He was a stickler to the rules, didn’t want to be late. He was always concerned with what was right, and proper. But Phineas changes all that in him, and rather quickly too. When Finny decides to skip dinner and wrestle instead, Gene becomes confused, but goes along with his every word, and action.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Later on in the book, after the accident, when Gene looks at himself in the mirror while wearing Finny’s clothes, on page 54, it says â€Å"†¦ it was no remote aristocrat I had become, no character out of daydreams. I was Phineas, Phineas to life. †¦ standing there (it seemed) that I would never stumble through the confusions of my own character again.† That meant that following that day, he was going to try to live each day more like Finny. Through out the book Phineas taught Gene more and more about himself, he taught Gene to live each day to the fullest, because you might never have another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the end of the book, once Finny has past away, Gene learns to live life for himself, not through somebody else. He was ready for anything. He no longer â€Å"owed† anybody anything. He had nothing else to suffer for. On page 195 it sums up the independence part of his relationship with Finny best. â€Å"I was ready for the war, now that I no longer had any hatred to contribute to it.

Political Legitimacy Essay

In specifying political legitimacy. theoreticians Thomas Hobbes. John Locke. and Emma Goldman each put forth a distinguishable set of values that frame their position on a government’s right to govern. Hobbes. a strong advocate to the right of self-preservation. claims that the protection of life is the lone standard required for a authorities to be legitimate. On the other manus. John Locke believes that authoritiess should non merely continue life. but besides let for single autonomies and protection of private belongings. while Emma Goldman maintains the belief that authoritiess use coercion to take away freedoms and hence should ne'er. under any fortunes. be considered legitimate. Locke’s statement on political legitimacy. that more than merely one value is needed to do a legitimate authorities. is obliging because his standard protects more than merely the life of citizens. it allows for individual’s to hold their ain autonomies free from an oppressive crowned head and prevents the dangers posed by absolute freedom. This paper will put up the lines of authorities for each theoretician and explicate why Locke’s position on a representative authorities with separation of powers is more compelling than Goldman’s absence of authorities and Hobbes’ belief in a autonomous regulation. Throughout his work entitled Leviathan. Thomas Hobbes argues that the right to self-preservation takes precedency above single autonomies. In the province of nature. adult male is given the right to make whatever he deems necessary to continue his ain life. Man can therefore commit hurt to another adult male or his belongings if he thinks it is best to keep his ain life. This province of nature. being of course quarrelsome. leads to mistrust and competition. and encourages unsafe Acts of the Apostless and widespread fright. There are no bounds on the hurts or retribution that can happen within this province and as a consequence. citizens find themselves in demand of protection from the force of others. The Hobbesian compact therefore creates authorities. by puting all power in the custodies of a crowned head. to squelch their frights and supply for their protection. therefore set uping a province of peace. In set uping a compact and a authorities. Hobbes provides the natural jurisprudence that â€Å"a adult male be willing. when others are so excessively. as far-forth. as for peace. and defense mechanism of himself he shall believe it necessary. to put down this right to all things. † ( Hobbes 80 ) . This means that in order to protect himself. and happening others that desire their ain protection above other things. adult male will give up all of his rights to a autonomous regulation. Hobbes argues that failure to release all rights to one swayer will put the compact back into a province of nature. The crowned head. holding been given all rights of the compact has absolute power and can order all Torahs and grant or keep back all freedoms. He is non to stay by any Torahs himself. if so he becomes capable to the commonwealth that he regulations. hence give uping his absolute power. The compact nevertheless. is non obligated to obey the crowned head in the event that his regulation threatens their right to self- saving. This right being primary in Hobbes’ position is the lone thing which persons ought to put above all other duties. whether those responsibilities are to their crowned head or fellow adult male. If it happens that the crowned head is in any manner interfering with the right to self-preservation. a value held above all duties and autonomies of the commonwealth. members of the compact may withstand his bids and thrust themselves back into a province of war. This nevertheless. does non fade out the commonwealth ; it merely removes an person from the commonwealth. By fade outing authorities and the common wealth. the sovereign’s remotion from power topographic points the compact into that same province of nature from which they came and they so must set up a new commonwealth and autonomous power. Therefore. the lone manner a autonomous power can be removed is upon decease. though this frequently consequences in the sequence of another crowned head. either by the predecessor’s pick or by election. Whereas Thomas Hobbes believes that an absolute autonomous authorities is the lone signifier of legitimacy. Emma Goldman differs by claiming that no authorities is legitimate because they take off freedoms. Goldman puts forth the theory that persons. given absolute freedom. have the ability to regulate themselves and coexist peacefully in societal harmoniousness supplied by the solidarity of involvements. The menace of force and fear root from the coercive actions used by any and all opinion authoritiess. It is the belief that authoritiess prevent us from making what we want and force us to make things we don’t want to. Goldman says. that allow authoritiess to â€Å"rest on force. and are hence incorrect and harmful. † ( Goldman 17 ) . These authoritiess harm persons by â€Å"stealing in the signifier of revenue enhancements. [ and ] violent death in the signifier of war and capital penalty. † ( Goldman 20 ) . Since anarchism claims that force by authorities injuries citizens. authoritiess can non supply protection for citizens. Because of her insisting that authoritiess. being coercive and harmful. are ne'er legitimate. Goldman fails to even see the beginnings of authorities and the bounds of their powers such as Hobbes and Locke have. She asserts that coercive authoritiess use the menace of force and force against citizens to command them. taking authoritiess to prosecute â€Å"the absolute subordination of the person. † therefore restricting all freedoms and autonomies that in a free province. the person would hold entree to. ( Goldman 19 ) . The subordination of the people by authorities. degrading the population to mundane obeisance. creates an environment that is colourless and spiritless. Alternatively of adhering to the control of corrupt establishments. Goldman urges persons to interrupt the coercive clasp of authoritiess. withstand all authorization and prosecute the freedoms they would get within a province societal harmoniousness exempt from important regulation. Locke. keeping the belief that Hobbes’ rights of the crowned head would take to tyranny. and that Goldman’s value of absolute freedom would bring forth a weak and helter-skelter society without Torahs. makes a instance for authorities that combines the best of Goldman and Hobbesian theories. Locke’s position on political legitimacy allows for a authorities with separate powers. so as non to go oppressive. and for autonomies provided to citizens under authorities regulation to promote freedom and equality. Under Locke’s province of nature. all adult male is made equal by the edict of God. Each adult male must continue himself. but besides under God’s power. has a responsibility to keep peace amongst the whole of world. This position of equality. over Hobbes’ factor of self-doubt. as a chief quality in the province of nature therefore leads to a more spread and equal authorities. as opposed to Hobbes’ authorities in which all power is placed in one swayer. In a Lockian authorities. power is divided into the legislative and the executive. this separation of power supports one individual from holding complete control over another. and the legislative and executive. harmonizing to Locke â€Å"have regulations besides of naming and conveying the right to those who are to hold any portion in the public authorization. † ( Locke 101 ) . This means that all legislative and executive organic structures of regulating are bound by the ain Torahs which they make. so as non to go corrupt. oppressive and bastard. Locke. in holding with Hobbes. realizes that authoritiess should be established for the protection of the people ; nevertheless he besides notes that protecting an individual’s life should non be their lone map. The primary values Locke gives of life. autonomy and belongings. claim that authoritiess have a responsibility to non merely protect the life of an person. but protect their belongings and supply them with autonomies every bit good. He agrees with Goldman that the freedom of the person is an of import value non to be overlooked. and maintains the proviso that legitimate authoritiess must supply and protect citizen’s rights. Nevertheless. Locke does non travel so far as to vouch the absolute freedom that Goldman nowadayss. He predicts that complete freedoms will take society on a unsafe way and that Torahs are put in topographic point to patrol opportunisms and prevent adult male from doing injury to one another. Locke besides refutes the Hobbesian impression that merely the crowned head has the power to order which liberties to supply and which to keep back. He asserts that persons must be given cardinal rights which no authorization has the power take away. Sing belongings rights. Locke produces the â€Å"Labor Theory of Value† in which common belongings. when assorted with labour. becomes the private belongings of those who labored on it. Governments can non apportion this belongings otherwise and it must be entrusted to its rightful proprietor. On the disintegration of authorities. Locke advances the right of the public to set up new establishments of authorities if the former has become corrupt and oppressive. Locke approaches the disintegration of authoritiess by reasoning that persons have the right to arise against authoritiess that are found to be illicit. He claims that authoritiess are illicit when they â€Å"are altered without the consent and contrary to the common involvement of the people. † ( Locke 109 ) . He asserts that in this event. persons are obligated to arise and make a new regulating organic structure that responds to their wants. therefore giving rights of directing the authorities to its Godheads and keeping that the commonwealth is guaranteed some sum of power over its authorities. Locke’s construct of political legitimacy is obliging because it allows for cooperation between the populace and authorities which prevents the possibility of dictatorship that is derived from Hobbes’ theory. His theory of legitimacy besides protects life. belongings and the autonomies of people while forestalling any dangers to the populace that can be drawn from Goldman’s theory that no authorities is better than some authorities. At length. Locke’s theory. which successfully combines the values of separate important powers. authorities protections. and single autonomies. establishes a society in which there is a just and equal relationship between the commonwealth and its opinion establishment.

Julius Caesar †Qualities of a Good Leader Essay

Selecting a good leader for a country is like dominoes. The leader needs to be somebody that won’t make the occasional mistake that would, in dominoes, hit one of the others and make them all fall down. If the leader does their job correctly, the country will be strong. A good leader must be able to make his own decisions because if he cannot, he will be considered a weak leader. A country’s leader must be able to communicate with the people as well because if he gets the people of the country to listen, then his job would be much easier. Also, if the leader were noble to his countrymen, then there would not be any disputes within the country. In Julius Caesar, Mark Antony is a perfect example of a good leader. Not only is he a confident and noble person, he is also persuasive and that helps in becoming a good leader. Antony would be a good leader of Rome because he is confident, noble, and persuasive. He never changes his mind when he makes a decision and that is good in a leader. When the triumvirate was making a list of people to kill, Antony came across the name of his nephew. Even though it was his nephew that he was killing, Antony said, â€Å"He shall not live; look, with a spot I damn him.† (IV.i.9) Antony had to kill his nephew, who might oppose him, and he did not want to take the chance. Another part where Antony’s confidence in decision-making was when he was talking to Octavius about Lepidus. The triumvirate was made up of three people, Antony, Lepidus, and Octavius, and so â€Å"The threefold world divided, he should stand / One of the three to share it? (IV.i.14-15) Antony meant that Lepidus would not be capable of ruling a third of the world, and that he would rather take half and Octavius take the other half. Antony’s confidence shows him being capable of being a great leader. Along with being confident, Antony would make a great leader because of his nobility towards others. Antony was seen to be noble towards Caesar. The two men were close to each other like a mother and her child. When Caesar died, Antony wanted revenge for Caesar. And Caesar’s spirit, ranging for revenge, â€Å"With Ate by his side come hot from hell / Shall stir these confines with a monarch’s voice / Cry â€Å"Havoc!† and let slip the dogs of war / That this foul deed shall smell above the earth / With carrion men, groaning for burial. (III.i.270-275) Caesar was like family to Antony and when Caesar was killed,  Antony wanted Caesar’s spirit to rest easier, and so he went to get revenge for Caesar. Besides being noble to Caesar, Antony was noble to the countrymen as well. When Antony came to give his speech about Caesar at the town, the people were listening to him respectively. Antony knew about Caesar’s will and he did not have to tell the citizens about it. Since Antony was a good person he read the will and he said â€Å"To every Roman citizen he gives, / To every several man, seventy-five drachmas.† (III.ii.244-245) Being a good person as he is, he read the will as the people wanted so they would be content. Antony’s nobility shows him to be worthy in becoming a good leader of Rome. Along with being confident and noble, Antony would be a great leader because he can be persuasive. Since Antony had great speaking skills, he could get people to think the way he wants them to think. After Caesar’s death, Antony met up with the conspirators and he decided to make them think he would forget about the assassination. He said, â€Å"I doubt not of your wisdom. / Let each man render me his bloody hand.† (III.i.202-203) The conspirators thought that Antony had forgiven them, but the truth was that Antony was going to make the public turn against Brutus and the conspirators. When it was time for Antony to make his speech about Caesar to the countrymen, he used his speaking skills and got the countrymen on his side. The citizens were moved by his speech and said, â€Å"We’ll hear him, we’ll follow him, we’ll die with him.† (III.ii.211) The countrymen were listening to Brutus’ words at the beginning and they were agreeing with what he said. Now Antony had gotten the people to listen to him and follow him. Antony uses his speech skills to win the heart of the crowd and he makes the people feel how he wants them to. He said, â€Å"Good friends, sweet friends, let me not stir you up / To such a sudden flood of mutiny.† (III.ii.12-13) That quote probably made the crowd want to know more of what Antony had to say, and that was what Antony wanted. So, the ability to persuade people is a very important element in being a good leader. A successful country must have a good leader, and Antony has the ability of being a great leader. He can persuade people into thinking as he does and he is noble to the people of the country. He gives the people an opportunity to say what they have to  say instead of just going on his own beliefs. He is also very confident in himself and so whatever he decides to do he does, and does not change his mind. Not only is he noble to his friends, he is also noble to the people of the country as well. With Antony as a leader, the country would not go bad since he is a person who does thing right. Mark Antony was an honorable and powerful man, and so he would be a great leader.

How to Improve Sales at BPC Software

How to Improve Sales at BPC Software BPC’s Problem BPC ventured into the business of providing payroll services to small and medium-sized enterprises. After four years, the business had prospered with an annual return of about $40million. This outcome prompted the business to expand its sales.   The expectation was that the founder would collect over $30million from shareholders after the expansion. However, the attempt failed.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on How to Improve Sales at BPC Software specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company witnessed reduced revenues and sales. When the global financial crisis struck, the board of directors discovered a problem in the marketing and sales department because they (directors) did not know their customers’ interests. Hence, they had to deliberate on the effectiveness of getting in touch with their esteemed clients. BPC’s Initial Solution Initially, BPC attempted to grant six month s free service to clients who made a yearly loyalty to the company. The company also introduced various sales incentives to help in fastening its deals. The Research The company collected information regarding the attributes of its clients from its small restaurant stores. Data was collected from annual reports, websites, press reports, and internal financial records. Some of the aspects that were examined during the study include its returns, the number of human resources, and the industry status. The company discovered that the number of personnel directly influenced customer profitability. It was observed that the sales cost was also affected by the selling-cycle length since prolonged cycles existed where more proposals and product advertisement among others things were established. Furthermore, the researchers also noticed that despite the dropping quantity of sales, clients continued pledging their loyalty. Most of them came from the small and medium-sized enterprises. Hypothe ses BPC prepared the following preliminary hypotheses: Mid-sized professional service firms qualify as good clients because they consistently need payroll processing services to outsource such services from a firm such as BPC Firms that are situated in urban areas are good clients because the can easily be accessed and that thorough customer visits can be realized for a particular period Firms that have recorded a prolonged operating history with BPC are excellent customers because their probability to cancel contracts is minute However, a refined hypothesis is, ‘since most of the customers come from small enterprises, hence exposing the company to a high degree of seasonality and elevated default rates, they are not the best clientele Adjustment of the selling model BPC opted to adjust its selling model by focusing on professional firms that had more than 15 workers. It also decided to trade with stable firms that had existed in the business for long. Its new clients now co mprised Certified Public Accounting (CPA) firms because most of them were reluctant in processing payrolls and that they did not mind outsourcing such services.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, BPC also modified its sales metrics and incorporated its number of calls it made to its clients. It also rewarded sales representatives who established good deals with customers. Monitoring the performance of employees enabled the company to determine the most qualified workers and/or fire the nonperforming ones. It amended the qualification requirements for sales representative such that it now considered individuals who had a good rapport with CPA firms. For customers who were not ideal, the company decided to use online communication, rather than sending sales representatives. The Results Adjustments that were made by BPC after the research had positive r esults. The rise in sales was gradual in the first six months. Even after reducing the number of its employees, orders kept on rising. Thus, it was evident that BPC found the ultimate solution to its initially decreasing sales volume.

The Invention of Paper Money

The Invention of Paper Money Paper money is an invention of the Song Dynasty in China in the 11th century CE, nearly 20 centuries after the earliest known use of metal coins. While paper money was certainly easier to carry in large amounts, using paper money had its risks: counterfeiting and inflation. Earliest Money The earliest known form of money is also from China, a cast copper coin from the 11th century BCE, which was found in a Shang Dynasty tomb in China.  Metal coins, whether made from copper, silver, gold or other metals, have been used across the globe as units of trade and value.  They have advantages- they are durable, difficult to counterfeit, and they hold intrinsic value.  The big disadvantage?  If you have very many of them, they get heavy. For a couple thousand years after the coins were buried in that Shang tomb, however, merchants, traders, and customers in China had to put up with carrying coins, or with bartering goods for other goods directly.  Copper coins were designed with square holes in the middle so that they could be carried on a string.  For large transactions, traders calculated the price as the number of coin strings.  It was workable, but an unwieldy system at best. Paper Money Takes the Load Off During the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE), however, merchants began to leave those heavy strings of coins with a trustworthy agent, who would record how much money the merchant had on deposit on a piece of paper.  The paper, a sort of promissory note, could then be traded for goods, and the seller could go to the agent and redeem the note for the strings of coins.  With trade renewed along the Silk Road, this simplified cartage considerably.  These privately-produced promissory notes were still not true paper currency, however. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE), the government licensed specific deposit shops where people could leave their coins and receive notes.  In the 1100s, Song authorities decided to take direct control of this system, issuing the worlds first proper, government-produced paper money.  This money was called jiaozi.   Jiaozi to Chao to Djaou The Song established factories to print paper money with woodblocks, using six colors of ink.  The factories were located in Chengdu, Hangzhou, Huizhou, and Anqi, and each used different fiber mixes in their paper to discourage counterfeiting.  Early notes expired after three years, and could only be used in particular regions of the Song Empire. In 1265, the Song government introduced a truly national currency, printed to a single standard, usable across the empire, and backed by silver or gold.  It was available in denominations between one and one hundred strings of coins.  This currency lasted only nine years, however, as of the Song Dynasty tottered, falling to the Mongols in 1279. Mongol Influence The Mongol Yuan Dynasty, founded by Kublai Khan, issued its own form of paper currency called chao; the Mongols brought it to Persia where it was called djaou  or djaw.  The Mongols also showed it to Marco Polo during his stay in Kublai Khans court, where he was amazed by the idea of government-backed currency.  However, the paper money was not backed by gold or silver.  The short-lived Yuan Dynasty printed increasing amounts of the currency, leading to runaway inflation.  This problem was unresolved when the dynasty collapsed in 1368. Although the succeeding Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) also began by printing unbacked paper money, it suspended the program in 1450.  For much of the Ming era, silver was the currency of choice, including tons of Mexican and Peruvian ingots brought to China by Spanish traders.  Only in the last two, desperate years of Ming rule did the government print paper money, as it attempted to fend off the rebel Li Zicheng and his army.  China did not print paper money again until the 1890s when the Qing Dynasty began producing yuan. Sources Lande, Lawrence, and T. I. M. Congdon. John Law and the Invention of Paper Money. RSA Journal 139.5414 (1991): 916–28. Print.Lui, Francis T. Cagans Hypothesis and the First Nationwide Inflation of Paper Money in World History. Journal of Political Economy 91.6 (1983): 1067–74. Print.Pickering, John. The History of Paper Money in China. Journal of the American Oriental Society 1.2 (1844): 136–42. Print.

Women Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women Studies - Essay Example The author would like the reader to walk away from reading this book with an understanding of feminism, that is not just local or national but international as well. She takes "the perspective that cultural diversity must be respected but that it must not be used to excuse the maltreatment of women" (p.5). She wants the reader to understand that although what a woman in one culture might take for granted as a right might be something a woman in another culture is still fighting for but it does not make it any less of an issue under feminism. Burn wants to "give you some overall sense of the varieties of issues affecting women and the variety of their response, and how both these are affected by culture and women's roles as reproducers" (p.5). 1. The study of lesbianism is important to the topic of women across cultures because almost every country in the world has a lesbian sub-culture living somewhere in it, whether they want to admit it or not. The consequences of proclaiming yourself to be lesbian can be emotionally trying especially in societies that have very strict social roles that are to be maintained. Numerous countries deny having any problems with lesbianism because they have laws that outlaw it so it cannot possible exist.

International Maritime Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Maritime Organization - Assignment Example It includes number of safety measures like that of improving the electrical installation and machinery installation, life saving equipments, fire protection, navigation safety, carriage of hazardous goods, radiotelegraphy and radiotelephony, nuclear merchant ships, and the overall safety of the shipping. The primary function of IMO is to form legislation and establish global treaties relating marine pollution prevention and safety of shipping. The organisation keeps the legislation always up to date so that it becomes helpful for the concerned countries and this attempt has become a successful one. It is found that more than 98% of the international shipping traders follow these legislations. IMO’s another important function is to protect the environment from the hazards of shipping because the extracts of the shipping activities which flows to the sea is very harmful which creates water pollution. Thus, these set of laws helps to prevent the sea water from pollution. IMO also provides safety training to avoid accidents occurring in the sea. The measures taken by IMO have been successful and the rate of serious hazards rate has been reducing from the last twenty years. The oil from the ships which used to enter into the sea also has reduced by considerable extent. Since human resources are the most important resource of the shipping industry so it has become an important task of IMO to improve and develop the human resources. With the opening of the ISM Code, it has made safety a prime concern. This code explains the responsibility for safety and implementation of this code has become tremendously successful. The IMO has also implemented training programmes and has provided modern guidelines to their marine educational institutions through various technical programmes. Thus it can be concluded that IMO provides detailed guidelines and direction which are essential to